根据教育部发布的数据，我国高校2010年招收博士生6.38万人，2015年博士招生7.44万人，2020年博士招生11.60万人，2024年博士招生17.11万人。由此测算，2010年～2015年间，我国博士招生总共只扩招1.1万人；2015～2020年，我国博士扩招4.2万人；而2020～2024年博士扩招5.5万人。也就是说，当前的博士招生规模是2010年的将近3倍，是2015年的2倍多。
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Agar was first introduced into the laboratory in 1881. Since then, microbiologists have depended on agar to create strong jellies. When microorganisms are streaked or plated onto this jellied surface and incubated, individual cells multiply into distinct colonies that scientists can easily observe, select, and propagate for further experiments. Many of the most important findings in biological research of the last 150 years or so — including the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tool — have been enabled by agar.4 Agarose, a derivative of agar, is also essential in molecular biology techniques like gel electrophoresis, where its porous gel matrix separates DNA fragments by size, enabling researchers to analyze and isolate specific genetic sequences.